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Alzheimer's disease is a progressive neurological disorder that causes the brain to shrink (atrophy) and brain cells to die. It's the most common cause of dementia, a continuous decline in thinking, behavioral, and social skills that affects a person's ability to function independently.
Early signs can vary, but often include memory loss that disrupts daily life, challenges in planning or solving problems, difficulty completing familiar tasks, confusion with time or place, trouble understanding visual images and spatial relationships, new problems with words in speaking or writing, misplacing things and losing the ability to retrace steps, decreased or poor judgment, withdrawal from work or social activities, and changes in mood and personality.
Genetics play a role in some cases of Alzheimer's, particularly in early-onset Alzheimer's which is rare. However, most common forms of Alzheimer's are not directly inherited. A combination of genetic, lifestyle, and environmental factors are believed to contribute to the risk of developing the disease.
Diagnosing Alzheimer's typically involves a comprehensive medical evaluation, including a review of medical history, neurological exams, cognitive and neuropsychological tests, blood tests to rule out other conditions, and brain imaging (MRI, CT, PET scans) to detect changes in the brain.
Currently, there is no cure for Alzheimer's disease. However, treatments are available that can help manage symptoms and slow down the progression of the disease in some individuals. Research is ongoing to find more effective treatments and ultimately a cure.
Numerous resources are available for caregivers, including support groups, educational programs, respite care services, online communities, and organizations dedicated to Alzheimer's research and support. These resources can provide emotional support, practical advice, and help caregivers navigate the challenges of caring for someone with Alzheimer's.
